Quiz 13: Serious illnesses

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. Acute rheumatic fever usually follows:
   • Pharyngitis.
   • Otitis media.
   • Impetigo.
   • Influenza.
2. Repeated attacks of acute rheumatic fever may damage:
   • The kidneys.
   • The liver.
   • The heart.
   • The joints.
3. What is a major criteria that is used in the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever?
   • Chest pain.
   • Fever.
   • Flitting polyarthritis.
   • Cyanosis.
4. How can a further attack of acute rheumatic fever be prevented?
   • Give oral penicillin for 10 days whenever the child has a common cold.
   • Give intramuscular benzathine penicillin every month.
   • Give oral erythromycin for a week if the child has a tooth filled or pulled out.
   • Unfortunately it cannot be prevented.
5. Acute glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
   • Streptococcal skin infection.
   • Klebsiella pneumonia.
   • E. coli urinary tract infection.
   • Miliary tuberculosis.
6. What is an important sign of acute glomerulonephritis?
   • Dehydration.
   • Skin rash.
   • Enlarged kidneys.
   • Dark urine.
7. What is a complication of acute glomerulonephritis?
   • Hypotension.
   • Hypertension.
   • Acute liver failure.
   • Damage to heart valves.
8. Children with septicaemia:
   • Are generally unwell with a fever.
   • Have neck stiffness.
   • Are oedematous.
   • Are always shocked.
9. A capillary filling time longer than 3 seconds is:
   • Normal.
   • Common in viral meningitis.
   • Usually due to fever.
   • A sign of shock.
10. The first choice of antibiotics in septicaemia include:
    • Oral ampicillin.
    • Intravenous ceftriaxone.
    • Intramuscular gentamicin plus intravenous amikacin.
    • Oral nalidixic acid.
11. In a seriously ill child with a rash always think of:
    • Chorea.
    • Gram positive meningitis.
    • Meningococcal septicaemia.
    • Urinary tract infection.
12. What bacteria commonly cause meningitis in children?
    • Staphylococcus.
    • Pneumococcus.
    • Pseudomonas.
    • E.coli.
13. What is a common symptom of meningitis in older children?
    • Severe headache and vomiting.
    • Shortness of breath.
    • Sudden blindness.
    • Earache.
14. Can you tell clinically whether a child has viral or bacterial meningitis?
    • Yes, it is easy.
    • Only children with bacterial meningitis have neck stiffness.
    • Children with viral meningitis often are much worse after a lumbar puncture.
    • Usually you cannot be sure what type of meningitis is present.
15. The emergency treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis is:
    • Urgent transfer to hospital for treatment.
    • Intravenous antibiotics before transferring the child.
    • Wait for the results of the lumbar puncture before starting treatment.
    • Steroids before the lumbar puncture.
16. In a urinary tract infection the urine commonly contains:
    • Blood only.
    • Glucose.
    • Crystals.
    • Pus cells.
17. Diabetes commonly presents with:
    • Weight loss and polyuria (passing a lot of urine frequently).
    • Abdominal pain.
    • A sweet taste in the mouth.
    • Red urine.
18. Convulsions can be stopped by:
    • Intramuscular phenytoin.
    • Rectal diazepam.
    • Giving oxygen.
    • Holding the child down.
19. Febrile convulsions:
    • Are usually seen in children older than 5 years.
    • Are commonly fatal.
    • Should be treated by cooling the child.
    • Can be prevented with oral anticonvulsants.
20. A common malignancy in children is:
    • Liver cancer.
    • Leukaemia.
    • Melanoma.
    • Bone cancer.