Quiz 1: Introduction to childhood tuberculosis

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. Tuberculosis is:
   • An acute infection
   • A chronic infection
   • A malignancy
   • Always fatal
2. Tuberculosis is caused by a:
   • Virus
   • Fungus
   • Bacterium
   • Parasite
3. How is tuberculosis spread?
   • By airborne droplets
   • By drinking unclean water
   • By infected mosquitoes
   • By sharing dirty needles
4. The source of TB infection is usually:
   • Another child with undiagnosed tuberculosis
   • An adult with untreated pulmonary tuberculosis
   • A mother with TB infection of her breast
   • A pet in the household with tuberculosis
5. Which children are at greatest risk of TB infection?
   • Newborn infants
   • Children under five years of age
   • Children aged seven to ten years
   • Adolescents
6. The risk of TB infection is highest in:
   • Regions with a high rainfall
   • Regions that have cold winters
   • Homes with poor sanitation and no clean water
   • Overcrowded and poorly ventilated homes
7. Most children with TB infection:
   • Remain clinically well
   • Develop a mild illness
   • Become seriously ill
   • Die
8. Which of the following children commonly have a weak immune system?
   • Children with chickenpox
   • Children who are obese
   • Children with HIV infection
   • Children with influenza
9. How many South Africans have had TB infection at some time in their lives?
   • Less than 10%
   • About 25%
   • About 50%
   • More than 75%
10. The risk of TB infection progressing to tuberculosis in older children is:
    • Less than 5%
    • 10%
    • 50%
    • 75%
11. What is the incidence of tuberculosis in South Africa?
    • Less than 50 per 100 000 people
    • About 100 per 100 000 people
    • About 600 per 100 000 people
    • About 1000 per 100 000 people
12. Primary TB infection usually occurs in:
    • The lung
    • The gut
    • The cervical lymph nodes
    • The tonsils
13. The commonest form of tuberculosis in children is:
    • Abdominal tuberculosis
    • Miliary tuberculosis
    • Pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Tuberculous meningitis
14. Enlarged hilar lymph nodes commonly cause:
    • A lump in the neck
    • Chest pain
    • Coughing blood-stained sputum
    • Stridor
15. An enlarged hilar lymph node may rupture into a bronchus causing:
    • Tuberculous bronchopneumonia
    • Disseminated tuberculosis
    • Severe bleeding
    • Sudden death
16. Pulmonary tuberculosis with cavities is usually seen in:
    • Young infants
    • Children younger than five years of age
    • Children of school going age
    • Adolescents
17. TB infection of the hilar nodes is most likely to spread via the lymphatics to:
    • The axillary nodes in the arm pit
    • The inguinal nodes in the groin
    • The cervical nodes in the neck
    • The abdominal nodes
18. A common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children is:
    • The meninges
    • The tonsils
    • The kidneys
    • The heart
19. Abdominal tuberculosis commonly affects:
    • The stomach
    • The small bowel and pancreas
    • The large bowel and appendix
    • The lymph nodes, liver and spleen
20. Disseminated tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that:
    • Spreads throughout the community
    • Spreads to many organs of the body
    • Is common at all ages
    • Spreads only in the lungs