Quiz 5: Preventing childhood tuberculosis

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. What is BCG?
   • A vaccine made from dead TB bacilli
   • A vaccine made from live, weakened form of Mycobacterium bovis
   • A vaccine made from the protein of TB bacilli
   • A vaccine made from the serum of people with tuberculosis
2. BCG immunisation is of particular value in reducing the risk of:
   • All forms of tuberculosis
   • Pulmonary tuberculosis
   • Tuberculous lymphadenopathy (TB of lymph nodes)
   • Tuberculous meningitis
3. BCG should be given:
   • Only to infants weighing 2500 g or more at birth
   • Only if there is a history of tuberculosis in the family
   • Only to infants who have mothers that are not infected with HIV
   • To all infants after birth
4. How should BCG be given?
   • Intradermally
   • Subcutaneously
   • Intramuscularly
   • Intravenously
5. Disseminated BCG may occur:
   • If BCG is given to low-birth-weight infants
   • If BCG is given to HIV-infected infants
   • If BCG is given subcutaneously
   • If BCG is not stored in a cool place
6. BCG commonly causes:
   • A small nodule or ulcer at the site of the immunisation
   • Enlarged axillary lymph node greater than 3 cm
   • Mild pulmonary tuberculosis which heals spontaneously
   • BCG IRIS
7. How should you screen other members of a household if one of them has tuberculosis?
   • Take a chest X-ray of the children only
   • Take a chest X-ray of all family members
   • Examining a sputum sample only from members who have symptoms of tuberculosis
   • Examining a sputum sample of all family members
8. Exposure to TB bacilli should be reduced by:
   • Preventing grandparents from living in the same house as their grandchildren
   • Improving living conditions with better housing and nutrition
   • Keeping all the windows closed to prevent coughing due to cold air
   • Not sending young children to creches and ‘play schools’
9. Contact tracing should be done:
   • Only if a family member has multi-drug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
   • Only if a family member has tuberculous meningitis
   • If there are young children in the family
   • In all cases of tuberculosis
10. To avoid spreading TB bacilli to the members of the community, adults with pulmonary tuberculosis should:
    • Be isolated for the first month of treatment
    • Be taught to cough into a handkerchief (cough etiquette)
    • Not be allowed onto buses or trains
    • Not be allowed into a clinic or hospital
11. Once anti-TB treatment is started, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are probably no longer infectious after:
    • 24 to 48 hours
    • Five days
    • One week
    • Two weeks
12. How can health workers avoid infection while examining a patient with possible tuberculosis?
    • Wear gloves
    • Ensure good ventilation in the examining room
    • Switch on the lights in the room to kill TB bacilli
    • Spend an hour in the sunshine each day
13. What is TB prophylaxis for children?
    • Daily vitamin D for a month
    • Treatment with three anti-TB drugs for two weeks
    • Daily INH for six months
    • INH five times a week for three months
14. Which children should receive TB prophylaxis if exposed to an adult with untreated pulmonary tuberculosis:
    • All children
    • Children under the age of ten years
    • Children under the age of five years
    • Only children under the age of two years
15. TB prophylaxis in young children should be given if the Mantoux skin test:
    • Is negative in a child who does not have HIV infection
    • Is intermediate
    • Is positive
    • Is ulcerating
16. Which children with tuberculosis must be reported?
    • All children
    • Only children with pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Only children with tuberculous meningitis or disseminated tuberculosis
    • Only children under five years of age
17. Do children receiving TB prophylaxis need to be reported to the authorities?
    • Yes
    • Only if they are under two years of age
    • Only if they also have HIV infection
    • No
18. The 3^rd Sustainable Development Goal aims at:
    • Preventing all new cases of tuberculosis by 2020
    • Ending the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030
    • Halving the number of cases of tuberculosis by 2015
    • Reducing the number of cases of tuberculosis by 10% each year
19. Community education is needed to reducing the incidence of tuberculosis:
    • Only in communities where tuberculosis is very common
    • Only in community where multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis occurs
    • Only in communities where HIV infection is common
    • In all communities
20. Traditional beliefs about tuberculosis:
    • Are always correct
    • Should be corrected by education
    • Should be ignored
    • Are never correct