Quiz 2: Care, prevention and counselling

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. Which congenital disorder is common in South Africa?
   • Oculocutaneous albinism.
   • Cystic fibrosis.
   • Marfan syndrome.
   • Sickle cell anaemia.
2. Where can people with congenital disorders be offered the best possible care?
   • Only in industrialised countries.
   • Only in large towns and cities.
   • Only in hospitals with a genetic centre.
   • The best possible care in the situation should always be offered.
3. What is a three generation family tree?
   • A method of providing care to three generations of a family with congenital disorder.
   • A pictured representation of unaffected, carrier and abnormal people in three generations of a family.
   • A way of predicting whether grandchildren will be male or female.
   • The source of a new drug to treat haemophilia.
4. Can a medical genetic diagnosis always be made?
   • Yes, if the person is fully examined and all the tests are done.
   • Only if the DNA screening test is done.
   • In about 60% of cases.
   • Usually not (only in about 10% of cases).
5. In the treatment of congenital disorders:
   • Neurodevelopmental therapy does not help.
   • Only surgical treatment is useful.
   • Medical treatment is often helpful.
   • Genetic counselling is usually all that is needed.
6. Basic reproductive health approaches to prevent congenital disorders include:
   • Giving all nurses a course in genetic counselling.
   • Teaching doctors to recognise common congenital disorders.
   • Family planning.
   • Screening all pregnant women for HIV/AIDS.
7. Periconceptional care to prevent congenital disorders includes:
   • Improving the diet of women.
   • Monitoring the fetus in labour.
   • Antenatal ultrasound screening for all pregnant women.
   • Giving vitamin K to all newborn infants.
8. What antenatal infections can cause congenital disorders?
   • The common cold.
   • Rubella (German measles).
   • Hepatitis A or B.
   • Trichomonas vaginal infection.
9. What is medical genetic screening?
   • Asking the age of women to find teenage mothers as they are at an increased risk for delivering infants with congenital disorders.
   • Asking the age of the father (husband or partner).
   • Applying a question or test to a population to identify individuals at increased risk for congenital disorders.
   • Taking chest X-rays of all pregnant mothers to look for fetuses with congenital disorders.
10. When is the best time to do genetic screening tests for congenital disorders?
    • Preconception (before pregnancy).
    • Only during the first trimester of pregnancy.
    • Only after 20 weeks of gestation.
    • Only once the infant is born (postnatal).
11. What tests help to screen for congenital disorders?
    • Identifying the mother’s ABO blood group.
    • An ultrasound examination at 18 weeks of gestation.
    • Measuring the mother’s thyroid function at booking for antenatal care.
    • Measuring all infants’ serum bilirubin concentration at birth.
12. Why is medical genetic screening for congenital disorders not available to everyone in a developing country (e.g. South Africa)?
    • Because congenital disorders are rare.
    • Because most congenital disorders cannot be prevented.
    • Because it is too expensive and requires functioning health systems.
    • Because it is unethical.
13. What choice should a woman have if genetic screening indicates that she is at an increased risk for a congenital disorder?
    • She should have no choice.
    • She should accept the advice of the doctor.
    • She must do what the genetic counsellor decides.
    • She can choose to have prenatal diagnosis.
14. What is active listening?
    • Interrupting while the person is talking.
    • Asking the person to speak loudly.
    • Asking one or two colleagues to help with counselling.
    • Paying attention to the person’s words, behaviour and emotional responses.
15. What can block effective communication?
    • Saying what you mean.
    • Being judgemental.
    • Listening more than talking.
    • Repeating important information.
16. What is the purpose of genetic counselling?
    • Giving good advice.
    • Teaching people how to accept bad news.
    • Enabling people to make the best decisions and come to terms with their situation.
    • Telling people what is best for them.
17. What are the characteristics of a good genetic counsellor?
    • Be a good communicator.
    • Speak loudly and be firm.
    • Have the knowledge to answer all the person’s questions.
    • Be the manager of the genetic clinic or hospital out-patient department.
18. Who should provide genetic counselling?
    • A nurse or doctor who has been trained in genetic counselling.
    • Doctors but not nurses.
    • Only medical geneticists.
    • Any midwife who works in an antenatal clinic.
19. The first response to loss is usually:
    • Depression.
    • Acceptance.
    • Denial.
    • Anger and bargaining.
20. How should a genetic counsellor break bad news?
    • Tell the person when there are a lot of other people present.
    • Do not worry about the person’s knowledge and understanding of the situation.
    • Give all the information at one time.
    • Use simple language.