Quiz 6: Congenital disorders caused by a teratogen

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. Fetal alcohol syndrome can be diagnosed by:
   • Doing an abdominal X-ray during pregnancy.
   • Doing a breathalyser test on the mother.
   • Performing a blood test on the mother in labour.
   • Clinical examination of the infant after birth.
2. Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with:
   • Drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
   • Binge drinking before pregnancy.
   • Drinking alcohol during labour.
   • Giving alcohol to a young child.
3. Fetal alcohol syndrome is:
   • An inherited condition.
   • Caused by a chromosomal defect in the fetus.
   • Caused by a teratogen.
   • Caused by a lack of folic acid in a poor diet.
4. How common is fetal alcohol syndrome in some communities in South Africa?
   • Very common, i.e. 500/1000 (50%) pregnancies.
   • Common, i.e. 50/1000 (5%) pregnancies.
   • Not common, i.e. 5/1000 (0.5%) pregnancies.
   • Rare, i.e. 1/1000 (0.1%) pregnancies.
5. How many alcoholic drinks are usually needed to damage the fetus?
   • Any number of drinks may be dangerous.
   • At least 3 per day.
   • At least 5 per day.
   • At least 10 per day.
6. One drink (15 ml alcohol) is equal to:
   • A quart of beer (750 ml).
   • Half a tot of spirits (e.g. brandy).
   • A glass of wine (150 ml).
   • Two glasses of wine.
7. Which type of alcoholic drink is most likely to cause fetal alcohol syndrome?
   • Beer
   • Wine.
   • Spirits.
   • All are equally dangerous.
8. Alcohol is most dangerous to the fetus if it is drunk:
   • In the week before conception.
   • In the first trimester.
   • In the second half of pregnancy.
   • In the week before delivery.
9. The following factor increases the risk of a high blood alcohol concentration:
   • A low maternal weight.
   • Drinking the alcohol slowly over a long time.
   • Eating a meal with the drink.
   • Inheriting an enzyme that breaks down alcohol fast.
10. When is it easiest to recognise a child with fetal alcohol syndrome?
    • During pregnancy.
    • At birth.
    • Between 3 and 10 years.
    • After 10 years.
11. Common signs of fetal alcohol syndrome are:
    • Large eyes.
    • A large head.
    • Short palpebral fissures.
    • A short upper lip.
12. What is the typical pattern of fetal growth in fetal alcohol syndrome?
    • Weight, length and head circumference are all reduced.
    • Only weight is reduced (i.e. wasted).
    • Head circumference is increased while weight and length are reduced.
    • Weight, length and head circumference are all increased.
13. What is the average intelligence (IQ) of children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
    • Normal.
    • Mildly intellectual disability (IQ 60–70).
    • Moderate intellectual disability (IQ 50–60).
    • Severe intellectual disability (IQ less than 50).
14. What language problems can be expected in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
    • They are deaf and do not learn to speak.
    • They only learn to use a few words and cannot be understood.
    • There is delay in speaking.
    • There are usually no language problems.
15. What behaviour problems are common in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
    • They are often confused and get lost due to repeated fits.
    • Stealing, lying and aggressive behaviour are common.
    • They are happy, easy-going children.
    • They usually do not have behaviour problems.
16. What congenital malformations are most common in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
    • Neural tube defects.
    • Very small eyes.
    • Duodenal atresia.
    • Congenital heart defects.
17. Children with fetal alcohol syndrome should:
    • Not be sent to school.
    • Only be sent to a special school.
    • Be sent to a mainstream school but need extra help.
    • Be sent to any school.
18. Infants with fetal alcohol syndrome should:
    • Not be breastfed as alcohol crosses in the breast milk in large amounts.
    • All be formula fed.
    • Be breastfed if possible.
    • Be breastfed as alcohol does not cross into the breast milk.
19. Women are at high risk of having an infant with fetal alcohol syndrome if:
    • Their previous child had fetal alcohol syndrome.
    • They are teenagers.
    • Their own father is an alcoholic.
    • They drank heavily but stopped before this pregnancy.
20. How should a woman at high risk of delivering an infant with fetal alcohol syndrome be managed?
    • She should be sterilised (have a tubal ligation).
    • She should be admitted to a psychiatric hospital and forced to stop drinking.
    • She should be counselled and supported by the community.
    • She should be treated with anticonvulsants to protect the fetus.