The Fetal Heart Rate Handbook
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- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- About this book
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1 Understanding the fetus during labour
- 1 What is fetal wellbeing?
- 2 How is the condition of the fetus monitored clinically during pregnancy?
- 3 Is it helpful to count the fetal heart rate during pregnancy?
- 4 What clinical signs can be used to monitor the fetal condition during labour?
- 5 What else should be monitored during labour?
- 6 How do you decide whether a woman is in labour?
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2 Monitoring the fetal heart rate during labour
- 7 What are the stages of labour?
- 8 Should the fetal heart rate always be monitored in labour?
- 9 Should the fetal heart rate be monitored throughout labour?
- 10 How can the fetal heart rate be monitored?
- 11 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a fetal stethoscope?
- 12 What are the advantages and disadvantages most fetal monitors?
- 13 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a cardiotocograph?
- 14 Which method of fetal heart rate monitoring should be used?
- 15 What are the advantages of the Philips fetal monitor?
- 16 Why is it so important to monitor the fetal heart rate during labour?
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3 Fetal stress during labour
- 17 What may stress the fetus during labour?
- 18 How does head compression affect the fetus?
- 19 What may reduce the supply of oxygen to the fetus?
- 20 How do contractions reduce the supply of oxygen to the fetus?
- 21 How does the fetus obtain an adequate supply of oxygen during normal uterine contractions?
- 22 When do uterine contractions reduce the supply of oxygen to the fetus?
- 23 How does the fetus respond to a lack of oxygen during labour?
- 24 How is fetal distress recognised during labour?
- 4 Assessing the fetal condition during labour
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5 Assessing fetal heart rate
- 27 How should you monitor the fetal heart rate?
- 28 How often should you routinely monitor the fetal heart rate?
- 29 Which women are considered to have a high risk of fetal distress?
- 30 How often must the fetal heart rate be monitored if there is a high risk of fetal distress?
- 31 What features of the fetal heart rate pattern should you always assess during labour?
- 32 What is the normal baseline fetal heart rate?
- 33 What is a deceleration?
- 34 How do decelerations relate to the timing of contractions?
- 35 What is an acceleration?
- 36 What fetal heart rate patterns can easily be recognised with a fetal monitor?
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6 Fetal heart rate patterns
- 37 What is the normal fetal heart rate pattern during labour?
- 38 What is the importance of a normal fetal heart rate pattern?
- 39 Which fetal heart rate patterns are not normal during labour?
- 40 What is a baseline tachycardia?
- 41 What are the causes of a baseline tachycardia?
- 42 What is a baseline bradycardia?
- 43 What is the cause of a baseline bradycardia?
- 44 What are early decelerations?
- 45 What is the significance of early decelerations?
- 46 What are late decelerations?
- 47 What is the significance of repeated late decelerations?
- 48 What are variable decelerations?
- 49 How should you assess the condition of the fetus on the basis of the fetal heart rate pattern?
- 50 Which fetal heart rate patterns indicate an increased risk of fetal distress during labour?
- 51 What fetal heart rate patterns indicate fetal distress during labour?
- 52 What questions should be asked when the fetal heart rate pattern is assessed during labour?
- 53 What fetal heart rate pattern is abnormal during the second stage of labour?
- 7 Using a partogram
- 8 Managing a woman with fetal decelerations
- 9 Managing fetal distress
- 10 When to use a cardiotocograph
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