Quiz 5: Care of high-risk and sick infants

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. Classifying an infant as high risk indicates that:
   • The infant is sick.
   • The infant will probably die.
   • The infant has a greater chance of developing a problem than most infants.
   • The infant must be treated urgently.
2. Which event suggests that an infant should be classified as high risk?
   • Term delivery
   • Low birth weight
   • An Apgar score of 8 at 1 minute
   • A birth weight that is appropriate for the gestational age
3. What is the first step in the management of a high-risk infant?
   • Treat the clinical problem as early as possible.
   • Monitor the vital signs.
   • Identify the expected problem.
   • Take steps to prevent the problem.
4. Why is it important to monitor a high-risk infant?
   • To obtain hospital records
   • To reassure the parents
   • To detect problems
   • To treat the infant
5. Which of the following signs indicates that the infant is sick?
   • Preterm delivery
   • Birth weight of 1500 g
   • Delivery by Caesarean section
   • Apnoea
6. Which of the following is called a vital sign?
   • Birth weight
   • Jaundice
   • Heart rate
   • Oedema
7. A sick infant should be handled as little as possible because:
   • Excessive handling may cause apnoea.
   • Handling slows an infant’s weight gain.
   • Handling may cause bruising.
   • Handling increases the risk of bacterial infection.
8. Sick infants should be weighed every day because:
   • Weight loss may indicate dehydration.
   • Weight loss may indicate that the infant is bleeding into the brain.
   • Weight gain indicates that treatment can be stopped.
   • Weight gain indicates that the infant is well.
9. How often should routine observations be made on a sick infant?
   • Every 5 minutes
   • Every 15 minutes
   • Every 30 minutes
   • Every 60 minutes
10. An important sign of shock in a newborn infant is:
    • A low blood pressure
    • Sweating
    • Central cyanosis
    • Hypothermia
11. What is a normal capillary filling time?
    • 1 second or less
    • 3 seconds or less
    • 5 seconds or less
    • More than 5 seconds
12. An important cause of shock in newborn infants is:
    • Hypothermia
    • Anaemia
    • Hypoxia
    • Hyperbilirubinaemia
13. Which of the following fluids should be used to treat shock?
    • 5% dextrose
    • 10% dextrose
    • Neonatalyte
    • Normal saline
14. An important cause of fits in newborn infants is:
    • Hypoglycaemia
    • Hypothermia
    • Preterm delivery
    • Cephalhaematoma
15. Which drug should be used to stop a fit?
    • Penicillin
    • Pethidine
    • Phenobarbitone
    • Hydroxyzine (Aterax)
16. The pH of the blood is measured with:
    • Indicator strips
    • A thermometer
    • A pulse oximeter in the nursery
    • A blood gas analyser in a laboratory
17. The umbilical arterial pH of the blood in a newborn infant is:
    • 7.20–7.30
    • 7.30–7.40
    • 7.40–7.50
    • 7.50–7.60
18. What measurement suggests that a low pH is caused by a metabolic acidosis?
    • High PaCO₂
    • Normal PaCO₂
    • Base deficit greater than 5
    • Base deficit less than 5
19. What is used to correct severe metabolic acidosis?
    • Phototherapy
    • 4% sodium bicarbonate
    • Improved ventilation
    • 10% glucose
20. The correct management of respiratory acidosis is:
    • Observe the infant with an apnoea monitor.
    • Give the infant oxygen in a headbox.
    • Give the infant 4% sodium bicarbonate by intravenous infusion.
    • Ventilate the infant.