Quiz 8: Glucose control and hypoglycaemia
Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.
- Glucose is stored in the body as glycogen in:
- The brain
- The red blood cells
- The liver
- Fat
- In the healthy newborn infant the blood glucose concentration is:
- Lower than a normal adult
- The same as a normal adult
- Higher than a normal adult
- Higher than a normal child
- The normal blood glucose concentration in a newborn infant is:
- Less than 2.5 mmol/l
- 2.5 mmol/l to 7.0 mmol/l
- 1.4 mmol/l to 10.0 mmol/l
- 7.0 mmol/l to 15 mmol/l
- The definition of severe hypoglycaemia is a blood glucose concentration:
- Less than 7.0 mmol/l
- Less than 5.0 mmol/l
- Less than 2.5 mmol/l
- Less than 1.4 mmol/l
- Hypoglycaemia is dangerous as it may cause:
- Jaundice
- Brain damage
- Anaemia
- Bleeding
- Which of the following problems is likely to cause hypoglycaemia because the infant has an increased breakdown of glucose?
- A skin temperature below 36°C
- An intraventricular haemorrhage
- Jaundice
- Bruising
- The following infants are at high risk of hypoglycaemia as they have increased energy (glucose) requirements:
- Infants with recurrent apnoea
- Infants born after 37 weeks gestation
- Infants with respiratory distress
- Infants with jaundice
- Infants born to diabetic women are at risk of hypoglycaemia because they commonly have:
- Increased secretion of insulin
- Decreased secretion of insulin
- No secretion of insulin
- No pancreas
- The following infants are at an increased risk of hypoglycaemia:
- Female infants
- Male infants
- Wasted infants
- Term infants
- Hypoglycaemia:
- Always presents with clinical signs.
- Never presents with clinical signs.
- May present with clinical signs.
- Usually kills the infant.
- Hypoglycaemia may present with:
- Jaundice
- Convulsions
- Pyrexia
- Oedema
- What should be given as the first feed to a healthy, preterm infant of 1850g?
- Sterile water
- A milk feed
- A 5% glucose feed
- A 50% glucose feed
- To prevent hypoglycaemia you should routinely start feeding term infants:
- Immediately after delivery
- At 1 hour after delivery
- At 3 hours after delivery
- At 6 hours after delivery
- If a newborn infant had severe hypoglycaemia in a rural clinic with very limited facilities, which form of treatment should you give?
- Give a feed of 50% dextrose.
- Give a feed of cow’s milk and sugar if the mother has no breast milk.
- Not feed the infant but send the mother and infant to the nearest hospital for an intravenous infusion.
- Advise the mother to take the infant home.
- Severe hypoglycaemia in a preterm infant is best treated by:
- Feeding the infant with breast milk
- Giving 5% dextrose by nasogastric tube
- Giving an intravenous bolus of 25% dextrose
- Starting an intravenous infusion of 10% dextrose
- In hospital you are unable to find a suitable vein to start an intravenous infusion in a 4000?g infant of a diabetic woman. The infant has severe hypoglycaemia. Would you:
- Pass an umbilical vein catheter and start a 10% dextrose solution?
- Give a 5% dextrose feed?
- Cool the infant to conserve energy?
- Start antibiotics?
- If an infant develops severe hypoglycaemia you should:
- Repeat the blood glucose measurement in 30 minutes to assess whether it has improved.
- Treat the hypoglycaemia immediately.
- Refer the infant to the nearest newborn intensive care (level 3) unit.
- Try to contact a more senior staff member to treat the infant.
- In an infant being treated for severe hypoglycaemia, when should regular blood glucose concentration measurements with reagent strips be stopped?
- Once the intravenous dextrose infusion is started
- As soon as the blood glucose concentration returns to normal
- Only after 5 days
- When the infant has been weaned from intravenous dextrose to milk feeds
- A very high blood glucose concentration:
- Helps the infant to grow rapidly.
- Causes glycosuria which may result in the infant becoming dehydrated.
- Is common in newborn infants of diabetic mothers.
- Is caused by feeding the infant too frequently.
- Hyperglycaemia as a complication of an intravenous infusion of 10% dextrose or Neonatalyte is usually seen in:
- Wasted infants
- Preterm infants
- Postterm infants
- Infected infants