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We have taken every care to ensure that drug dosages and related medical advice in this book are accurate. However, drug and disinfectant dosages can change and are updated often, so always double-check dosages and procedures against a reliable, up-to-date formulary and the given drug’s documentation before administering it.

Women’s Health Care: Addressing the everyday health needs of women

First published in 2011 by Bettercare. Updated May 2018. This version produced on 26 February 2025.

Text © Perinatal Education Trust 2011

ISBN (print edition): 978-1-920218-65-2
ISBN (international paperback edition): 978-1-717898-85-2
ISBN (reflowable edition): 978-1-920218-90-4

Excluding content explicitly credited to others, this book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License. For details, see creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

This licence means you may share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format under the following terms:

  • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  • Non-Commercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
  • No Derivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.

For any other uses, please contact Bettercare.

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      1. Home
      1. How to use our books
      2. Buy printed books
      3. About Bettercare
      4. FAQs
      5. Contact us
      1. Acknowledgements
      2. Introduction
        1. About Bettercare
        2. Why decentralised learning?
        3. Free Bettercare Online Learning Platform
        4. Learning programmes
        5. Format of the courses
        6. Contributors
        7. Updating the course material
        8. Contact information
        9. Registration
      3. 1 Reproductive health
        1. Objectives
        2. Introduction to reproductive health
        3. Routine cancer screening
        4. Overweight and obesity
        5. Smoking
        6. Aging and menopause
        7. Case studies
      4. 2 Family planning and infertility
        1. Objectives
        2. Introduction to family planning
        3. Normal conception
        4. Contraception
        5. Combined oral contraceptives
        6. Progestogen-only contraceptives
        7. Injectable contraception
        8. Other contraceptive methods
        9. Health benefits of contraception
        10. Contraceptive choice in specific circumstances
        11. Emergency contraception
        12. Causes of infertility
        13. Management of women with infertility
        14. Case studies
      5. 3 Common genital and urinary infections
        1. Objectives
        2. Introduction to genital infections
        3. Vaginal discharge
        4. Genital ulcers
        5. Inguinal swelling
        6. Other sexually transmitted viral infections
        7. Pubic itch
        8. Acute urinary tract infections
        9. Case studies
      6. 3a Skills: How to conduct a gynaecological history and examination
        1. Objectives
        2. Taking a gynaecological history
        3. General examination of the patient
        4. Speculum examination
        5. Bimanual examination
        6. Taking a Pap smear
        7. Doing a pregnancy test
      7. 4 Vaginal bleeding
        1. Objectives
        2. Normal menstruation
        3. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
        4. Irregular and postcoital bleeding
        5. Postmenopausal bleeding
        6. Amenorrhoea
        7. Dysmenorrhoea
        8. Premenstrual syndrome
        9. Case studies
      8. 5 Pain and discomfort in women
        1. Objectives
        2. Introduction to pain and discomfort in women
        3. Pelvic pain
        4. Vulvar pain
        5. Breast pain
        6. Case studies
      9. 6 Abuse of women
        1. Objectives
        2. Common forms of abuse
        3. Gender-based violence
        4. Intimate-partner violence
        5. Sexual assault
        6. Case studies
      1. How to use our books
      2. Buy printed books
      3. About Bettercare
      4. FAQs
      5. Contact us

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