Quiz 8: Tuberculosis

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. How is tuberculosis commonly spread to children?
   • By urine or stool contaminated drinking water.
   • By droplet spread caused by coughing, sneezing and talking.
   • By direct hand to hand contact.
   • From mother to infant at birth.
2. Most children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
   • Do not develop tuberculosis.
   • Get pulmonary tuberculosis.
   • Develop abdominal tuberculosis.
   • Die of tuberculosis.
3. Which children are at greatest risk of getting tuberculosis?
   • Children over the age of 5 years.
   • Children with asthma.
   • Children with a weak immune system.
   • Children who are obese.
4. Primary tuberculosis of the lung:
   • Is common.
   • Is seen only in adults.
   • Is highly infectious.
   • Usually causes a high fever and cough.
5. An important complication of primary tuberculosis in young children is:
   • Tuberculous meningitis.
   • Tuberculosis of the kidney.
   • ‘Cavity’ or ‘open’ tuberculosis of the lung.
   • Tuberculous arthritis (multiple joints infected).
6. Pulmonary tuberculosis in children usually presents with:
   • Coughing up yellow sputum.
   • Coughing up blood (haemoptysis).
   • A persistent cough lasting 3 weeks or more.
   • Cyanosis and indrawing of the lower chest wall.
7. What is usually needed to confirm a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis?
   • A blood culture.
   • A chest X-ray.
   • An MRI scan of the lungs.
   • A full blood count.
8. When doing a Mantoux test, the tuberculin should be injected:
   • Into the skin (intradermal).
   • Under the skin (subcutaneously).
   • With a Heaf gun.
   • With a Tine device.
9. The result of a Mantoux test strongly suggests tuberculosis:
   • When the induration is less than 5 mm.
   • When the induration is 5 to 9 mm.
   • When the induration is 10 mm or more.
   • Only when ulceration occurs.
10. When may the Mantoux test be negative in a child with tuberculosis?
    • With severe malnutrition.
    • After chickenpox.
    • In a well child who is HIV positive.
    • During the first month of anti-TB treatment.
11. How is a sample collected to identify tuberculous bacilli in children?
    • By taking a nasal swab.
    • By examining coughed up sputum.
    • By obtaining an early morning gastric aspirate.
    • By getting the child to spit out saliva.
12. What is common in children with miliary tuberculosis?
    • Wheezing or stridor.
    • Headache, vomiting and neck stiffness.
    • Enlarged liver and spleen.
    • Jaundice and a rash.
13. Tuberculous lymph nodes are usually:
    • Very tender.
    • Soft (full of pus).
    • In the axilla (armpit) and inguinal region (groin) only.
    • Non tender and matted (stuck together).
14. BCG gives good protection against:
    • Primary TB infection.
    • Miliary tuberculosis in well nourished children.
    • Pulmonary tuberculosis.
    • Tuberculous meningitis in under­nourished children.
15. Usually tuberculosis is treated with:
    • A single drug.
    • 2 drugs.
    • 3 drugs.
    • 4 drugs.
16. Short course anti-TB treatment is usually given for:
    • A month.
    • 3 months.
    • 6 months.
    • 1 year.
17. What is the common cause for failure of anti-TB treatment in children?
    • Stopping the medication too soon.
    • Only taking the medication for 5 days a week.
    • Side effects.
    • AIDS.
18. With the DOTS strategy:
    • Patients do not have to attend a TB clinic while on treatment.
    • Patients are taught to be responsible for their own treatment.
    • Each patient has a treatment supporter.
    • The patient has to stay in hospital for the first 2 months of treatment.
19. The newborn infants of women with untreated tuberculosis:
    • Should receive prophylactic INH.
    • Must not breastfeed.
    • Should receive BCG after birth.
    • Must be isolated from their mother.
20. Is tuberculosis a notifiable disease?
    • No.
    • Only if the patients also has AIDS.
    • Only if the patient has multidrug resistant TB.
    • Yes.