Quiz 7: Lower respiratory tract conditions

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. What is a sign of breathing difficulty?
   • Cough.
   • Indrawing of the lower chest wall.
   • Fever.
   • Sore throat.
2. What is a sign of respiratory distress?
   • Central cyanosis.
   • Shortness of breath.
   • Indrawing of the lower chest wall.
   • Inspiratory stridor when crying.
3. What is stridor?
   • A crowing sound usually made during inspiration.
   • A whistling sound made only during expiration.
   • A sound which can only be heard with a stethoscope.
   • A severe cough with yellow-green sputum.
4. A child of 2 years is breathing too fast when the respiratory rate per minute is:
   • Above 20.
   • Above 30.
   • Above 40.
   • Above 50.
5. Oxygen should be given when the oxygen saturation is less than:
   • 100%.
   • 98%.
   • 95%.
   • 90%.
6. What is a sign of viral croup?
   • Wheezing.
   • A barking cough.
   • A rash.
   • A red throat.
7. What is the management of severe viral croup?
   • A short acting bronchodilator.
   • A broad spectrum antibiotic.
   • A headbox with cold mist.
   • Nebulised adrenaline.
8. Acute bronchiolitis is usually caused by:
   • Respiratory syncytial virus.
   • Parainfluenza virus.
   • Measles virus.
   • Herpes virus.
9. Severe bronchiolitis is best managed with:
   • Steroids.
   • Penicillin.
   • Oxygen.
   • Physiotherapy.
10. What is the most important sign of pneumonia?
    • Wheezing.
    • Fast breathing.
    • A productive cough.
    • Mild or no fever.
11. Children with HIV infection are at high risk of:
    • Asthma.
    • Viral croup.
    • Bronchiolitis.
    • Pneumonia.
12. A major cause of death in children in South Africa today is:
    • Bronchitis.
    • Pneumonia.
    • Diphtheria.
    • Whooping cough.
13. All children with pneumonia should:
    • Have a chest X-ray.
    • Be given an antibiotic.
    • Be admitted urgently to hospital for oxygen.
    • Receive a nebulised bronchodilator.
14. What is an important symptom of asthma?
    • Coughing, especially at night.
    • Wheezing during inspiration.
    • Chest pain.
    • Night sweats.
15. Wheezing should make you think of:
    • Croup.
    • Bronchitis.
    • Asthma.
    • Pneumonia.
16. What is found in asthma?
    • Bronchospasm.
    • A foreign body.
    • Swelling of the larynx.
    • Bacterial infection of the alveoli.
17. Most children with asthma:
    • Present under the age of 6 months.
    • Have a family history of allergy.
    • Have only 1 attack.
    • Need lung function tests to make the diagnosis.
18. Children with an acute asthma attack should be treated with:
    • Rectal theophylline.
    • Subcutaneous adrenaline.
    • A long acting oral bronchodilator.
    • A short acting inhaled or nebulised bronchodilator.
19. Bronchodilators are best given:
    • Via a plastic cup held over the child’s face.
    • Into a headbox or oxygen tent.
    • With a spacer.
    • Intravenously.
20. Persistent asthma responds well to:
    • Steroids.
    • Antibiotics.
    • Subcutaneous adrenaline.
    • Intravenous theophylline.