Quiz 4: Antiretroviral drugs

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. How does antiretroviral treatment work?
   • The drugs kill CD4 cells.
   • The drugs kill the organisms which cause opportunistic infections.
   • The drugs prevent an inflammatory reaction to HIV.
   • The drugs prevent HIV multiplying in CD4 cells.
2. Which group of drugs prevents CD4 cells from releasing HIV?
   • ‘Nucs’
   • ‘Non-nucs’
   • ‘PIs’
   • Steroids (prednisone)
3. Which is a common example of a ‘nuc’?
   • AZT
   • NVP
   • Lopinavir/ritonavir
   • Fluconazole
4. What is lamivudine commonly known as?
   • AZT
   • 3TC
   • d4T
   • ABC
5. Aluvia is a trade name for:
   • Ritonavir
   • TDF
   • A combination of lopinavir and ritonavir
   • A combination of nelfinavir and ritonavir
6. Can antiretroviral treatment cure children who are infected with HIV?
   • Yes.
   • Only if a combination of three or more drugs are used.
   • Only if treatment is given before the child presents with symptoms and signs of HIV infection.
   • No.
7. A standard regimen of antiretroviral drugs is:
   • Safer, simpler and cheaper
   • Unfortunately more expensive than an individualised approach
   • Not recommended in private practice as it is less effective
   • Complicated with more side effects
8. What is the standard first-line regimen for children younger than one month in South Africa?
   • ABC, 3TC, lopinavir/ritonavir
   • AZT, 3TC, lopinavir/ritonavir
   • ABC, 3TC, NVP
   • AZT, 3TC, NVP
9. What is the standard first-line combination used in children weighing between 3 and 20 kg in South Africa?
   • AZT, 3TC, and NVP
   • AZT, ddI and lopinavir/ritonavir
   • AZT, ddI and NVP
   • ABC, 3TC and lopinavir/ritonavir
10. What is the standard first-line combination used in children weighing between 20 and 35 kg in South Africa?
    • ABC, 3TC and DTG
    • AZT, ddI and lopinavir/ritonavir
    • AZT, ddI and NVP
    • ABC, 3TC and lopinavir/ritonavir
11. How should antiretroviral drugs be taken?
    • It does not matter if one or two doses are missed a week.
    • It is important to take the drugs at the same time every day.
    • The three different drugs should not be taken at the same time.
    • It is best to take a small dose in the morning and a big dose at night.
12. How should doses of antiretroviral drugs be calculated for young children?
    • The dose is usually the same as for adults.
    • The dose is determined by the child’s age.
    • The dose is determined by the severity of the illness.
    • The dose is determined by the child’s weight.
13. EFV is taken:
    • Once a day
    • Twice a day
    • Three times a day
    • Four times a day
14. Which antiretroviral drug can be kept at room temperature?
    • AZT suspension only
    • NVP tablets only
    • Most antiretroviral drugs
    • EFV capsules only
15. NVP may cause:
    • Lactic acidosis
    • A severe skin rash
    • Lipodystrophy
    • Pancreatitis
16. An important side effect of AZT is:
    • An itchy skin rash
    • Anaemia
    • Peripheral neuropathy
    • Hepatitis
17. Peripheral neuropathy usually presents as:
    • Difficulty with speech
    • Severe headaches
    • Pain or numbness in the feet
    • Blindness
18. What are important signs of lactic acidosis?
    • Nausea and vomiting within weeks of starting antiretroviral treatment
    • Weight loss and abdominal pain months after starting antiretroviral treatment
    • Jaundice and loss of appetite
    • Pallor and tiredness due to anaemia
19. What are features of lipodystrophy?
    • Fat arms and legs
    • Fat cheeks
    • Fat over the back of the neck
    • Fat buttocks
20. If severe side effects occur:
    • All antiretroviral drugs must be stopped.
    • Only the drug probably causing the side effect should be stopped.
    • Only the morning dose should be stopped.
    • Only the evening dose should be stopped.