Quiz 1: Introduction to perinatal HIV

Choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

What is HIV?
- A retrovirus
- A herpes virus
- The human influenza virus
- The cause of syphilis
What is AIDS?
- A serious illness caused by a virus
- A fatal disease whose cause is unknown
- A common cause of abnormal sexual behaviour
- An acute bacterial illness transmitted by sexual intercourse
You can become infected with HIV by:
- Sharing a cup or plate
- Social kissing
- Unprotected sexual intercourse
- Donating blood
Which body secretions may contain large amounts of HIV?
- Urine
- Stool
- Blood
- Saliva
Which blood tests are usually used to screen adults for HIV infection?
- VDRL or RPR
- ELISA or rapid test
- PCR or p24 antigen
- TPHA or FTA
Common features of the acute illness following HIV infection (acute seroconversion illness) are:
- Blood and protein in the urine
- Vaginal or urethral discharge
- Anaemia and jaundice
- Sore throat and rash
Usually the latent phase between the time of HIV infection and developing AIDS in adults is:
- Two to four weeks
- Six to 12 months
- One to five years
- Five to 15 years
What are the most common signs of symptomatic HIV infection in adults?
- Weight loss and chronic diarrhoea
- Oedema and heart failure
- Cyanosis and wheezing
- Jaundice and abdominal distension
What is an important opportunistic infection in AIDS?
- Syphilis
- Pneumocystis
- Measles
- Influenza
AIDS can be cured?
- Always
- Often
- Sometimes
- Never
What other disease can increase the risk of becoming infected with HIV?
- Tuberculosis
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Syphilis
- Influenza
HIV is infectious:
- Only during the first few weeks after infection
- During the latent phase when the patient feels well
- Only when the signs of AIDS appear
- At any time after infection
How does HIV damage the immune system?
- By destroying CD4 lymphocytes
- By reducing the number of CD8 lymphocytes
- By lowering the levels of antibody
- By interfering with the function of the polymorphs
What type of drugs are nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV)?
- Antibiotics
- Protease inhibitors
- Non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
What is a common minor side effect of tenofovir (TDF)?
- Tinnitus (ringing sound in the ears)
- Sore throat
- Vomiting and diarrhoea
- Rash
What drug is commonly used to prevent an opportunistic infection?
- Penicillin
- Co-trimoxazole (Septran, Bactrim, Purbac)
- Nystatin (mycostatin)
- Streptomycin
What is the management of a patient with AIDS?
- Management does not alter the course of the disease and, therefore, is not recommended.
- These patients should not be treated as it is too expensive.
- Management with ARV drugs can make a big difference to the quality of the patient’s life.
- HIV patients should be sent home to die quickly as treatment only prolongs their suffering.
How can healthcare workers reduce the risk of HIV infection?
- By refusing to care for AIDS patients
- By washing their hands after touching patients with HIV infection
- By wearing masks and gowns when caring for patients with HIV infection
- By adopting universal precautions
What is the correct handling of sharps to avoid accidental injury?
- Use a sharps container
- Always resheath a needle after it has been used
- Always wipe a needle with alcohol after it has been used
- Only clear away the needle after the procedure has been completed
What prophylaxis should be given to a healthcare worker after an accidental needle-stick injury when collecting blood from an HIV-positive patient?
- Penicillin should be given immediately
- TLD or Truvada and atazanavir/ritonavir should be started within two hours
- Hepatitis A vaccine should be given within 72 hours
- Co-trimoxazole