Quiz 2: HIV in pregnancy

Choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. What percentage of pregnant women in South Africa are infected with HIV?
   • Less than 5%
   • Between 5% and 10%
   • About 30%
   • More than 50%
2. Which test can be used to screen pregnant women for HIV?
   • CD4 count
   • Viral load
   • VDRL test
   • Rapid test
3. What is the risk of transmission of HIV from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy, labour and vaginal delivery if they do not have ARV prophylaxis?
   • Less than 10%
   • Between 10 and 30%
   • Between 30 and 50%
   • More than 50%
4. The following women are at an increased risk of transmitting HIV to their fetus:
   • Women who become infected with HIV during the pregnancy
   • Women who are infected with HIV a few years before they fall pregnant
   • Women who are pregnant for the first time
   • Women who have had previous pregnancies
5. Which women at an antenatal clinic should be counselled about the benefits of HIV screening?
   • Only women who request an HIV test
   • All women
   • Only unmarried women
   • Only women with syphilis
6. How should women be told the result of the screening test?
   • It is best to inform them by post as this is the most private way to give them the results.
   • They should be told in small groups so that they can give each other emotional support.
   • They should be individually counselled and told the results.
   • Only HIV-positive women should be told their test result.
7. What precautions should a pregnant woman take to avoid becoming infected with HIV?
   • Use a diaphragm.
   • Douche with water after sexual intercourse.
   • Use a condom.
   • There is no need to take precautions once she is pregnant.
8. What effect may asymptomatic HIV infection have on pregnancy?
   • HIV has no effect on pregnancy.
   • Pneumonia is more common.
   • Placenta praevia is more common.
   • Gestational proteinuric hypertension (GPH or PET) is more common.
9. Which one of the following procedures may increase the risk of HIV transmission during pregnancy?
   • Amniocentesis
   • Vaginal examination
   • Abdominal palpation
   • Taking a cervical cytology (PAP) smear
10. Which ARV drug is used to reduce the risk of HIV transmission to the fetus?
    • Co-trimoxazole
    • INH
    • TLD
    • Tetracycline
11. How may ARV drugs reduce the risk of vertical transmission?
    • By inducing labour early
    • By preventing fetal distress
    • By reducing the viral load
    • By treating syphilis
12. Providing lifelong ARV treatment to all pregnant women who are HIV positive is called:?
    • WHO option A
    • WHO option B
    • WHO option B+
    • WHO option C
13. There is a concern about a possible association with neural tube defects and which of the following ARV drugs, when used in the first trimester?
    • AZT
    • TDF
    • FTC
    • DTG
14. Which statement regarding the use of multivitamins by pregnant women living with HIV is true?
    • They will not reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV.
    • They will reduce the risk of vertical transmission by 50%.
    • They will block the effects of most ARV drugs.
    • They will lower the CD4 count.
15. Is AIDS an important cause of maternal death in South Africa?
    • It is not a cause of maternal death.
    • It is an uncommon cause of maternal death.
    • In the future it may become an important cause of maternal death.
    • It is the most common cause of maternal death.
16. May pregnancy cause a more rapid progression of HIV infection from stage 3 to 4?
    • Yes
    • Only in older women
    • Only with a twin pregnancy
    • No
17. Which opportunistic infection is most common in pregnant women with stage 3 HIV infection?
    • Oesophageal candidiasis
    • Pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Pneumocystis pneumonia
    • Cryptococcal meningitis
18. Prophylactic co-trimoxazole is given to pregnant women with AIDS to prevent:
    • Oesophageal candidiasis
    • Tuberculosis
    • Herpes zoster
    • Pneumocystis pneumonia
19. What is an important side effect of TDF?
    • Anaemia
    • Severe skin rash
    • Renal failure
    • Bad dreams
20. Which drugs are used to treat tuberculosis during pregnancy in women who are HIV positive?
    • Anti-TB drugs should only be started after the infant is born
    • Rifampicin, INH, pyrazinamide and ethambutol ( Rifafour)
    • Rifampicin, INH, pyrazinamide only
    • Rifampicin alone