Quiz 1: Care of infants at birth

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. When should the umbilical cord be clamped in a normal infant?
   • At 2 to 3 minutes after delivery
   • After the infant has been breathing well for 5 minutes
   • Immediately after delivery
   • After the placenta has been delivered
2. When should the infant be given to the mother?
   • After the mother has had a chance to sleep
   • As soon as possible
   • When the infant has had a bath
   • It does not matter when the infant is given to the mother
3. Which infants should receive vitamin K1 (Konakion) after delivery?
   • Only preterm infants
   • Only infants with a low Apgar score
   • Only infants who have had a traumatic or difficult delivery
   • All infants
4. What should be placed in the eyes of infants after birth?
   • Nothing
   • Sterile water to remove meconium or vernix
   • An antibiotic ointment such as chloromycetin
   • Colostrum
5. A newborn infant is said to have failed to breathe well at delivery:
   • If the infant does not breathe well immediately after delivery
   • If the infant’s hands and feet are still blue at 1 minute after delivery
   • If the infant has not cried by 5 minutes after delivery
   • If the infant does not breathe well or cry after it has been well dried
6. Which vital sign is included in the Apgar score?
   • Temperature
   • Heart rate
   • Meconium staining
   • Oedema
7. The Apgar score at 1 minute should be determined:
   • In all newborn infants
   • Only when there have been signs of fetal distress
   • Only if the infant does not breathe well after birth
   • Only if the infant needs mask ventilation
8. What is the value of the 1 minute Apgar score?
   • It predicts brain damage
   • It confirms fetal hypoxia
   • It is used to document the infant’s clinical condition after birth
   • It is used to assess gestational age
9. What is the value of the 5 minute Apgar score?
   • It indicates whether the infant is responding to resuscitation
   • If less than 7, it confirms that the infant will die
   • If 7 or more, it confirms that the infant will survive
   • It is used to decide whether cardiac massage is needed
10. A normal Apgar score at 1 minute is:
    • Above 10
    • 7–10
    • 3–7
    • Less than 3
11. What is a common cause of a low Apgar score?
    • Hypothermia
    • Excessive suctioning of the mouth and throat
    • Infection
    • Hyaline membrane disease
12. Fetal hypoxia is defined as:
    • Failure to breathe after delivery
    • A low 1 minute Apgar score
    • Too little oxygen to the fetus
    • Intra-uterine death
13. After delivery the following infants should have their mouth and throat suctioned:
    • Preterm infants
    • Infants born by Caesarean section
    • Infants that fail to breathe well after stimulation
    • All newborn infants
14. Which health workers need to be able to resuscitate infants:
    • Doctors only
    • Midwives only
    • Doctors and senior midwives only
    • All those who conduct deliveries
15. What is the most important step in resuscitating an infant?
    • Giving bag-and-mask ventilation
    • Starting cardiac massage
    • Cooling the infant
    • Giving naloxone by intramuscular injection
16. An infant who still has a slow heart rate after receiving bag-and-mask ventilation should:
    • Be given chest compressions
    • Be given vitamin K1 (Konakion)
    • Be given adrenaline
    • Receive no further resuscitation as it has probably suffered brain damage
17. Naloxone (Narcan) reverses the respiratory depression caused by:
    • Barbiturates
    • General anaesthesia
    • Diazepam (Valium)
    • Pethidine and morphine
18. If an infant is heavily meconium stained at delivery:
    • It is important to stimulate respiration before suctioning the airways
    • The mouth should be suctioned before the shoulders are delivered
    • The mouth should only be suctioned after the infant is completely delivered
    • Only the nose should be suctioned
19. Which size of catheter should be used to suction a meconium-stained infant at birth?
    • F 3.5
    • F 5
    • F 6
    • F 10
20. A stomach washout should be given to:
    • All low-birth-weight infants
    • Infants with a low 1 minute Apgar score
    • Infants who vomit thick meconium
    • All meconium-stained infants