Quiz 4: Emergency management of infants

Please choose the one, most correct answer to each question or statement.

1. The body temperature of a newborn infant should be measured by placing a mercury thermometer:
   • In the mouth
   • In the rectum
   • In the axilla (arm pit)
   • In the incubator
2. The normal abdominal skin temperature in a newborn infant is:
   • 35.5–36.0 °C
   • 36.0–36.5 °C
   • 36.5–37.0 °C
   • 37.0–37.5 °C
3. Glucose is stored in the body as glycogen in:
   • The brain
   • The red blood cells
   • The liver
   • Fat
4. Hypoglycaemia is dangerous as it may cause:
   • Jaundice
   • Brain damage
   • Anaemia
   • Bleeding
5. Which infants are at an increased risk of hypoglycaemia?
   • Infants who are breastfed
   • Female infants
   • Underweight-for-gestational-age infants
   • Jaundiced infants
6. Hypoglycaemia:
   • Always presents with clinical signs
   • Never presents with clinical signs
   • May present with clinical signs
   • Usually kills the infant
7. What is the treatment of mild hypoglycaemia?
   • Give a milk feed
   • Start an intravenous infusion
   • Give a single dose of hydrocortisone
   • Give insulin
8. Severe hypoglycaemia in a preterm infant is best treated by:
   • Feeding the infant with breast milk
   • Giving 5% dextrose by nasogastric tube
   • Giving 50% dextrose by a nasogastric tube
   • Starting an intravenous infusion of 10% dextrose
9. If an infant develops severe hypoglycaemia you should:
   • Repeat the blood glucose measurement in 30 minutes to assess whether it has improved
   • Treat the hypoglycaemia immediately
   • Refer the infant to the nearest newborn intensive care (level 3) unit for treatment
   • Try to contact a more senior staff member to treat the infant
10. Which one of the following clinical signs is used to diagnose respiratory distress?
    • Pallor
    • Decreased air entry of the chest
    • Recession
    • Pyrexia
11. Tachypnoea in a newborn is defined as a respiratory rate greater than:
    • 20 breaths per minute
    • 40 breaths per minute
    • 60 breaths per minute
    • 80 breaths per minute
12. What is a common cause of respiratory distress?
    • Starvation
    • Jaundice
    • Wet lung syndrome
    • Meningitis
13. Hyaline membrane disease is caused by:
    • Too little surfactant
    • Too much surfactant
    • Infection
    • Too much fluid in the lungs
14. Hyaline membrane disease is commonly seen in:
    • Meconium-stained infants
    • Preterm infants
    • Underweight-for-gestational-age infants
    • Post-term infants
15. Hyaline membrane disease can be expected to:
    • Improve steadily after birth
    • Steadily become worse after birth for about 6 hours then improve
    • Steadily become worse after birth for 48 to 72 hours before starting to improve
    • Only start to recover after 1 week
16. Wet lung syndrome:
    • Improves during the first 2 to 3 days
    • Gradually gets worse after delivery
    • Should be treated with antibiotics
    • Is usually fatal
17. What is the normal oxygen saturation in the arterial blood of a newborn infant?
    • 80–85%
    • 86–92%
    • 90–95%
    • 95–100%
18. Excess oxygen in the inspired air may cause:
    • Deafness
    • Blindness
    • Paralysis
    • Mental retardation
19. The amount of oxygen in a headbox can be accurately determined by:
    • Deciding whether the tongue is pink or cyanosed
    • Measuring the flow of oxygen into the head box
    • Using a saturation monitor
    • Using an oxygen monitor
20. How should the transfer of an ill newborn infant be arranged?
    • The parents should hire a taxi and go with the infant.
    • The clinic that is referring the infant should ask for an ambulance and send a nurse with the infant
    • The clinic should contact the hospital that will receive the infant so that can give advice on emergency care and then arrange transport
    • It does not matter as long as the infant gets to the correct hospital.