The shape of a publication
When we read in print, we go on a physical journey through the text. Our hands map the block of the paper, and our eyes trace the shape of the text. We shift our bodies to the size and weight of the pages. And the typography and layout ask us to lean forward or sit back, brighten the room or settle under a soft lamp. All this happens unconsciously.
By the end of a journey through print, our bodies have a physical memory of where we’ve been that is rich and primal.
Screens are very different. While our bodies also respond to the shape, clarity and weight of our device, and the experience of using the software, the nature of the text we read on it has far less effect on our overall experience than in print.
One the one hand, that limitation is inevitable: we control so little of the user’s overall experience. On the other hand, we have much to learn and invent when it comes to creating visceral, memorable experiences on screens.
As content creators, we have to learn as much as we can about how devices and software affect our readers’ experience, and to try new things. And as teams, we have to develop and agree on new vocabularies for the things we try, so that we can share our thinking and make clear team decisions.
The ‘page’
There is potential for confusion on multi-format projects about what we mean by ‘page’.
- We all know what a book page is in print: the content on one side of a leaf of paper. A single file, laid out, might run over many book pages.
- We can mostly agree on what a web page is: everything that appears on our screen when we go to a given web address. In most cases, a web page is longer than our screen and we scroll vertically through it.
- On some ebook readers a page is similar to a book page: a rectangle that contains the text and images that happen to fit on it. If a user changes the font size, or resizes the window, the content reflows to fit into the new page size.
- On other ebook readers a page is like a web page: a long column of content that you scroll through vertically.
Reading topography
Reading topography is the mental map that our minds and hands make of a printed publication as we read it. It lets us form spatial memories as we read.
For instance, when you remember a passage in a paper book, you remember where it was on the page and in the book. When you look for that passage again, your hands can sense how many pages fell before and after, and your eyes know to look for it in, say, the top of a right-hand page.
Your mind makes a map of the book that is informed largely by the fixed, physical shape of the book.
On screen everything is fluid, and separated from us by a cold sheet of glass. We are at a greater distance from the shifting text. It is almost impossible to form a mental map of the book. As such, digital books have very little natural topography.
When we’re creating digital publications, we must look for opportunities to make up for that. Here are some techniques you might use.
- Break up the text into smaller sections, defined by headings and strong design features like drop caps, pullquotes, boxes and sidenotes.
- Create detailed, deep navigation, which might show on screen as a visible, tree-structure menu, where the section being read currently is highlighted.
- In learning materials, keep the reader informed about where they are in the learning process.
- Keep sections a similar length. A reader will unconciously develop a feeling for the rhythm and length of the sections or chapters.
- Certain features (like activities and exercises) are milestones for readers, especially if they are numbered. Use the same number and placement of these in each chapter.
- Use different colours for different parts of chapters. A reader might associate ‘the red chapter’ with something they read there, and something else for ‘the blue chapter’. Use with caution: colours are useful for creating casual associations, but avoid using colour for actual meaning, because you cannot rely on those colours being the same in every format and device, and accessibility software may change or ignore colours.